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Old December 1st, 2022 #1
jagd messer
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‘Vinmonopolet’: Why The Norwegian Government Controls The Sale Of Most Alcohol


Worldwide, 3 million deaths every year result from harmful use of alcohol, this represent 5.3 % of all deaths.

Alcohol

Key facts


• Worldwide, 3 million deaths every year result from harmful use of alcohol, this represent 5.3 % of all deaths.
• The harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions.
• Overall 5.1 % of the global burden of disease and injury is attributable to alcohol, as measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
• Alcohol consumption causes death and disability relatively early in life. In the age group 20–39 years approximately 13.5 % of the total deaths are alcohol-attributable.
• There is a causal relationship between harmful use of alcohol and a range of mental and behavioural disorders, other noncommunicable conditions as well as injuries.
• The latest causal relationships have been established between harmful drinking and incidence of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis as well as the course of HIV/AIDS.
• Beyond health consequences, the harmful use of alcohol brings significant social and economic losses to individuals and society at large.



Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties that has been widely used in many cultures for centuries. The harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden in societies.


The harmful use of alcohol can also result in harm to other people, such as family members, friends, co-workers and strangers. Moreover, the harmful use of alcohol results in a significant health, social and economic burden on society at large.


Alcohol consumption is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions. Drinking alcohol is associated with a risk of developing health problems such as mental and behavioural disorders, including alcohol dependence, major noncommunicable diseases such as liver cirrhosis, some cancers and cardiovascular diseases, as well as injuries resulting from violence and road clashes and collisions.


A significant proportion of the disease burden attributable to alcohol consumption arises from unintentional and intentional injuries, including those due to road traffic crashes, violence, and suicides, and fatal alcohol-related injuries tend to occur in relatively younger age groups.


The latest causal relationships are those between harmful drinking and incidence of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis as well as the incidence and course of HIV/AIDS. Alcohol consumption by an expectant mother may cause fetal alcohol syndrome and pre-term birth complications.



Factors affecting alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm


A variety of factors have been identified at the individual and the societal level, which affect the levels and patterns of alcohol consumption and the magnitude of alcohol-related problems in populations.


Environmental factors include economic development, culture, availability of alcohol, and the comprehensiveness and levels of implementation and enforcement of alcohol policies. For a given level or pattern of drinking, vulnerabilities within a society are likely to have similar differential effects as those between societies. Although there is no single risk factor that is dominant, the more vulnerabilities a person has, the more likely the person is to develop alcohol-related problems as a result of alcohol consumption.


who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol




Alcohol consumption causes a lot of problems so I would admire societies, like Scandinavia, that recognize that and try to do something about regulating its distribution.
 
Old December 1st, 2022 #2
Breanna
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Scotch whiskey is a health tonic that, if taken in moderation (2 oz/day for women, 4 oz/day for men) dilates the blood vessels and strengthens your immune system. I am after meeting countless old people with longer than average lifespans who credit for their longevity drinking a shot of whiskey every day. Old women usually drink it in a "hot toddy" (a shot of scotch whiskey in a cup of hot tea, with cinnamon and honey). My own grandmother who didn't drink lived to age 82 while her sister who drank whiskey daily lived to age 106. My whole life whenever I caught a cold or flu my grandparents would tell me to drink a shot of single malt Scotch whiskey it is called the "water of life."

It should be up to people to make these decisions for themselves not governments. Also I found that people who drink a lot do not partake of the other drugs that are newer additions to white countries, like pot and fentanyl and other such things.

All government regulation of it does is a) make everyone have to pay more for it, b) let the government profit from it (the government that hates you), and c) make it illegal for you to make it yourself or sell it yourself or import it yourself without jumping through a bunch of hoops.

Quote:

The oldest person in Great Britain celebrated her 112th birthday this week, and to mark the occasion, she gave away her secret to longevity: A dram of single malt whiskey, every night for the last sixty years.

Grace “Amazing Grace” Jones, who was born in Liverpool in 1906, told the Daily Mail*that she has a nightcap of Famous Grouse Single Malt Whiskey nightly, and has done so for 62 years.
https://www.webmd.com/diet/whiskey-good-for-you

Quote:
Its ellagic acid content may also reduce bodily inflammation and lower the risk of obesity.*

Research suggests that there are other health benefits to drinking whiskey. However, these benefits are all associated with moderate consumption — heavy drinking can lead to serious health issues.

A glass of whiskey a day may offer health benefits like:

Heart Health

Whiskey has high levels of polyphenols, plant-based antioxidants linked with lowering your risk of heart disease. The polyphenols in whiskey have been shown to decrease “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and increase “good” cholesterol (HDL) levels, and reduce triglycerides, or fat in your blood.*

Bad cholesterol and triglycerides can clog your arteries, while good cholesterol helps to keep them clear. Maintaining healthy levels can help prevent heart disease and stroke.*

Relief of Cold Symptoms

Whiskey can temporarily widen your blood vessels. In small amounts, this can help clear mucus congestion in your sinuses and chest, which lets your body better deal with sickness and infection. This effect may also relieve other symptoms of a cold or flu, like coughing or wheezing.

Immune System Support

Scientists are unsure why, but several studies link moderate alcohol consumption to improved immunity of diseases and improved responses to vaccines. Studies show lower rates of the common cold, faster removal of bacteria, and better antibody response in people who have a daily drink compared to those who don’t. However, much more research is needed to understand this effect.

Brain Health

The plant-based antioxidants in whiskey may help maintain a healthy chemical balance in your brain. Research shows small amounts of whiskey — especially aged varieties — increases our activity in the brain’s GABA neurotransmitter, responsible for things like nervous system function and memory.*

One study found that people who consumed one to six drinks weekly had a lower risk of dementia than non-drinkers. Another showed that moderate alcohol intake might reduce cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer’s Disease.*
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Last edited by Breanna; December 1st, 2022 at 09:27 PM.
 
Old December 4th, 2022 #3
joeylowsac
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Contrary to reason it is also illegal to distil ethyl alcohol in the US, in any amount for any purpose without a permit. Fortunately the process of applying for an experimental alcohol producer permit from the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms was, in my experience, surprisingly easy. It involved a single form and there was no charge and no bond was required. You are required to keep records. It should be the same for any small producer (under 10,000 gallons per year). Now with the internet it is perhaps even easier. And I recommend getting the permit since despite the illogical nature of it all they do take it quite seriously. It is not illegal, at least in the US, to distribute instructions on how to distil and there are an abundance of books which do so.
I've been brewing and distilling since I was a teenager and I think there are some things that should be pointed out regarding the production of alcohol for human consumption. Brewing something worth drinking can take some practise. If your only goal is to have something good to drink I suggest just buying a case of Guinness. Any fool can manage fractional distillation but the equipment is not as easy to make yourself as a simple pot still (though not impossible). Alcohol is a product of fermentation. For human consumption the target component is ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH, C2H6O or CH3CH2OH) also known as non-denatured ethanol. The fumes of ethyl alcohol are highly flammable so it should not be done in (or near) the house.
No alcoholic beverage (with the possible exception of certain vodkas) consists simply of ethyl alcohol and water. The colour, aroma, and flavour of beers, wines and spirits are due to the other components present (methyl, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and a host of other organic compounds), components which collectively are known as "congeners". Many of these are relatively harmless but there are always a few produced during fermentation, any fermentation, which are actually poisonous. Methanol is one of them.
Beer and wine are not distilled and require knowledge and much skill to produce a palatable product. Distillation removes some of the more noxious components (these are what cause a "hangover" not the ethyl alcohol). There are two types of distillation, fractional distillation and a simple distillation. The latter type is what the bootleggers employed during prohibition. This also requires knowledge and a bit of skill since it involves the production of a complex but controlled mixture of chemicals followed by the selective removal of a certain proportion of them.
Simple distillation only accomplishes a crude separation of the fermentation broth into what is called 'heads', 'tails', and a middle fraction. The middle fraction consists of ethyl alcohol but there is no clear distinction where the heads end and the tails begin so a portion of each will be present in the end product. The first vapours to come over will be rich in the more volatile components such as methanol and acetone (this first fraction is the heads ). The ethanol begins to appear long before the heads are completely exhausted and similarly when ethanol production is tapering off the tails begin to emerge, these are the least volatile components, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols known collectively as "fusel" oils. To achieve a more pure product the process must be repeated over and over. Purity can be achieved much quicker using fractional distillation but it requires more sophisticated equipment (but less skill).

This is a drawing of a simple pot still taken from the book "Distillation of Alcohol and Denaturing" by F.B. Wright.
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