Vanguard News Network
VNN Media
VNN Digital Library
VNN Reader Mail
VNN Broadcasts

Old April 8th, 2013 #241
Hugh
Holorep survivor
 
Hugh's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: The wild frontier
Posts: 4,849
Default

http://www.ancientcanalbuilders.com/

Canal Complexes in America ..................... This site is a review of evidence that will forever change the history of North America, shifting our view from what we think we know about America to a whole new and radically different perspective of pre-historic civilizations on the North American continent.

Ancient Cities on our Coasts ..................... There are many underwater harbors, channels and canals in Florida and Louisiana, as well as other areas, that are covered with vestiges and remnants of a very sophisticated, enormously large aquatic based culture or civilization that existed BEFORE current sea level rose an average of 5 feet.

Sophisticated Geo Engineers ...Evidence on this site, shows many harbor areas on much of Florida's coasts, as well as other areas, to have been 'worked' and 'inhabited' by a very large, very sophisticated population of canal builders during some remote period. Louisiana has many very long and very large cross delta channels and canals, with many sections sunken under current sea level.

Age of the Complexes .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. These complexes were built BEFORE the water table rose to its present level. Some of the structures are about 5' BELOW current sea level. The chart to the right, from Globalwarmingart.com, using the Jamaica plot figures, shows a 5' sea level rise since 7,000 years before present.

Without question, a technically advanced, sophis-ticated civilization lived here on our coasts building very large, very complex harbors and canals. Many of the harbor systems are connected to shore side 'urban style' habitation canals, that have been taken over and used by modern development.

We have separated our field sites into Florida, Louisiana and other locations. Please select from the menus on the upper right. To find a specific site, select the 'Search' icon to the left, just below the 'Home' icon.

If you are interested in working on one of the expedition sites, or would like to contribute to our research efforts, please contact us immediately.

http://www.ancientcanalbuilders.com/overview.html

Ancient Canal Builders

7,100 years ago, an advanced civilization sprawled along the coast from the area around New York City down through Florida, across the Mississippi Delta, and into Texas. There’s no reason to believe the culture didn’t stretch on into Mexico, Central America, Brazil and the Caribbean, and possibly even farther. Such an enormous sprawl would suggest a population in excess of 30-50 million people, and more likely up around 200 million or more, spread around the Atlantic Rim.

With a complex system of canals and waterways extending for hundreds of miles all totaled, the kind of workforce it would take to achieve such a task would have been enormous.

Such a society would need to have a complex system of controls. They would need a government and all the normal social systems that go hand-in-hand with a large population. And to support this society, there would need to be a viable and thriving economic system, and the security to protect it.

In order to build such a canal system, these ancient canal builders needed a clear understanding of engineering and construction that rivaled modern technologies. With the coastal water raising an average of 5' every 100 years, they developed a water based , so they created a transportation system using water.

To that end they structured their entire society around water transportation. They built habitation canal-ways around neighborhoods, towns, or fields. They constructed elaborate harbors with quays, wharfs, and docks to facilitate the loading and unloading of any sort of freight such as people, minerals, livestock, perishables and dry goods.

As the water continued to rise, they built border canals, dikes and levees in an effort to protect their lands and control the water. Many of these features can still be identified under the water today.

The most spectacular and amazing feature of this entire complex are the long, straight double lane canals, many over 300 feet wide and some well over 85 miles long, likely stretched from points vital to their economy, and shipping was the lifeline of the colony.

The near total lack of solid aboveground structures is a strong indication of a colony. All that is left of this sprawling society are the remains of the Canals, Channels and Harbors. All other signs of their society, buildings, ships, and ground vehicles, have been scrubbed away completely in a great global cataclysm seven thousand some odd years ago





__________________
Secede. Control taxbases/municipalities. Use boycotts, divestment, sanctions, strikes.
http://www.aeinstein.org/wp-content/...d-Jan-2015.pdf
https://canvasopedia.org/wp-content/...Points-web.pdf

Last edited by Hugh; April 9th, 2013 at 12:03 AM.
 
Old April 20th, 2013 #243
Hugh
Holorep survivor
 
Hugh's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: The wild frontier
Posts: 4,849
Default

From 20:00 on, we can see the evidence of how little brown people just don't feature much if at all in the most ancient societies in the Americas.

It's clear that the past was just like today.
Whites build, little brown people crawl up begging for food and work, form slumpits and nests, squat and rely on White pity to provide them with food.
Whites help them, the lbp's breed, slaughter the Whites, and like cargo cults, try to dress up like the Whites, in the hope that the great White gods will return and feed them again.


From 17:00 inwards, Sumerian writing on oldest artifacts

__________________
Secede. Control taxbases/municipalities. Use boycotts, divestment, sanctions, strikes.
http://www.aeinstein.org/wp-content/...d-Jan-2015.pdf
https://canvasopedia.org/wp-content/...Points-web.pdf

Last edited by Hugh; April 20th, 2013 at 02:22 PM.
 
Old April 20th, 2013 #245
N.M. Valdez
SMASH THE FASH
 
N.M. Valdez's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2010
Posts: 3,382
Default

Spew, no one except you watches your laughable YouTube videos. Try some primary sources in peer reviewed journals instead, like you actually managed with Acuna-Soto's research on cocoliztli epidemics in sixteenth century Mexico.
__________________
Quote:
Originally Posted by Alex Linder View Post
I don't know what the truth is, and have said as much.
 
Old April 20th, 2013 #246
Hugh
Holorep survivor
 
Hugh's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: The wild frontier
Posts: 4,849
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by N.M. Valdez View Post
Spew, no one except you watches your laughable YouTube videos. Try some primary sources in peer reviewed journals instead, like you actually managed with Acuna-Soto's research on cocoliztli epidemics in sixteenth century Mexico.
Yet you come here often.

Primary sources are not journals, they exist in real life.

Buildings, ancient writings and carvings, statues, cities, skeletons, artifacts and geological formations are primary sources.

Journals are not sources at all, they describe the sources.

Millions of White people watch these shows, listen to them on radio, buy the books, attend the conferences.

The truth is emerging, piecemeal, slowly and surely.



__________________
Secede. Control taxbases/municipalities. Use boycotts, divestment, sanctions, strikes.
http://www.aeinstein.org/wp-content/...d-Jan-2015.pdf
https://canvasopedia.org/wp-content/...Points-web.pdf
 
Old April 20th, 2013 #247
N.M. Valdez
SMASH THE FASH
 
N.M. Valdez's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2010
Posts: 3,382
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Hugh View Post
Yet you come here often.
Not to watch your moronic conspiracy videos.

Post some studies from a published peer reviewed journal such as the American Journal of Human Genetics to support your claims.
__________________
Quote:
Originally Posted by Alex Linder View Post
I don't know what the truth is, and have said as much.
 
Old April 20th, 2013 #248
Hugh
Holorep survivor
 
Hugh's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: The wild frontier
Posts: 4,849
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by N.M. Valdez View Post
Not to watch your moronic conspiracy videos.

Post some studies from a published peer reviewed journal such as the American Journal of Human Genetics to support your claims.
I am not trying to convince you, Valdez. I don't care what you think, I don't care if you agree.

Post some posts from VNN showing that after all your years here, and all your posts, you have managed to convince us of your claims.

If your journals are of value, they would surely have convinced us of your claims. If not, they clearly have no use in convincing people.

The truth is, we don't care what you think. You are not White, so your existence is of no importance to us. From that, you can deduce how absolutely unimportant you and your endless cut and pastes are.

You abandoned your people, your culture, your language, and fled to the Whites.
Now you spend your time, trying to convince us you have some worth.

A drunken Indian on the reservation has more value than you, as he at least stayed with his people.

You on the other hand fled your people, and tried to put an ocean between you and them.

Your people are stupid, lazy and worthless. One just has to look at them in real life, and all your claims, your studies, your copy and pastes just fall apart.
__________________
Secede. Control taxbases/municipalities. Use boycotts, divestment, sanctions, strikes.
http://www.aeinstein.org/wp-content/...d-Jan-2015.pdf
https://canvasopedia.org/wp-content/...Points-web.pdf
 
Old April 20th, 2013 #249
N.M. Valdez
SMASH THE FASH
 
N.M. Valdez's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2010
Posts: 3,382
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Hugh View Post
If your journals are of value, they would surely have convinced us of your claims. If not, they clearly have no use in convincing people.
No, Spew. Scientific research doesn't lose accuracy based on popular opinion among a given group, in this case, fascists. It's an insight into your logically fallacious thought process and dimwitted little mind that you would even think that.
__________________
Quote:
Originally Posted by Alex Linder View Post
I don't know what the truth is, and have said as much.
 
Old April 21st, 2013 #250
Hugh
Holorep survivor
 
Hugh's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: The wild frontier
Posts: 4,849
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by N.M. Valdez View Post
No, Spew. Scientific research doesn't lose accuracy based on popular opinion among a given group, in this case, fascists. It's an insight into your logically fallacious thought process and dimwitted little mind that you would even think that.
Au contraire, we are not swayed by popular opinion, and focus on facts, whereas you only repeat opinion by mostly Marxist writers.

The videos I post are almost all reports on current mainstream studies, those that aren't discuss areas within mainstream topics where there are no hard and fast proven facts, mostly by people who have been to the places themselves, who show us what they saw, explain how and why they interpret it the way they do, and most of whom have subsequently been proven correct.

It simply doesn't get more mainstream than PBS, National Geographic, History and Discovery channels, all of whose programmes and the statements made in them are peer reviewed by mainstream scientists and world experts. I use them to attract traffic to VNN, and because they're interesting.

Let's take a look at the people who you believe have to agree with what we say in order for it to be true, these "peers" you keep talking about.

Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and most other religions, and their billions of followers, all believe in and worship humans and non-humans from space, some visible, some invisible.

They say some live in the sky, others under the sea, others underground. Their official doctrine is that extra terrestrials from space made us, taught us what we know, and reward or punish us depending on how well we obey them.

Their mainstream beliefs are that people can fly to, visit, see and talk to them, that demons, devils, angels and gods all exist, and watch us constantly, and move about among us all the time.

Most Whites until recently, and most non-Whites today, will kill anyone who does not believe in talking serpents, or flying, talking monkeys, or that invisible beings tell us what to do, or that fish, animals and birds can talk.

Thus the claims that aliens came to earth, made people, and taught us, are the mainstream beliefs of society, governments and of the scientific community, as can be seen by the fact that most scientists are religious and are Christians, Muslims, Hindus etc.

Questioning the existence of aliens is seen by the mainstream and vast majority of people as being absurd, evil, insane, outer fringe, lunacy etc


These are all mainstream religious and secular beliefs. Ask any priest.

These alien worshipping believers in talking serpents etc, who talk to invisible beings, are the "peers" who you believe epitomise logic, and rationality, and whose approval you seek of anything we say, before you can believe in it.


Regarding some recent topics I've posted on, we see cities submerge all the time

Here's one of hundreds


Here on the flood, where scientists etc state that there was a civilisation before the flood, that it was submerged in a flood, most people died and we started again.




In other videos by mainstream studios, We see scientists, archaeologists, historians, explorers, geologists, anatomists, most of them professors and doctors, or well known writers published by mainstream publishers, telling us the latest official scientific discoveries, most of which they disagree about between each other.

The consensus is that the megalithic structures globally were built thousands, not hundreds of years ago. They then show us them in real life.

We agree, you disagree.
You then come up with bizarre theories that the History channel etc are some underground group, showing programmes that have not been peer reviewed by mainstream scientists, and that people in mud huts, whose weapons were sticks, with bits of stone and volcanic glass in them built megalithic structures.

Our claims on race etc are all based upon what some scientists etc have said, and yours are based upon what others have said.

You disagree with the scientists etc we agree with. That's nice. Why not take it up with them, ad get back to us.

Now run along, or the invisible talking serpent will make you do bad things, unless an invisible winged being arrives in time to stop him, or at least, that's what the majority of your mainstream scientific "peers" believe.

You are most likely going to be posted to the Middle East, where religous fanatics will try to kill you, castrate you or behead you, whilst you try to kill them.

If I were you, I would be spending my time perfecting my fighting skills, so that I didn't end up a flopping, screaming pile of human mincemeat in the desert.

At your age, you should be studying military science etc like mad, and going on as many courses as possible, so as to build a career, rather than trying to win arguments on the internet, using obsolete Marxist social theory.

I am still waiting for evidence of these victories you claim to have won against us.

You should bear in mind, we aren't going overseas to fight, you are.

Thus it will be those stay behind who matter, those far away will have no say.

If you were smart, you would focusing upon military matters, here and elsewhere, rather than historical discussions about which you know little, and can do little more than copy and paste.

I'll be focusing on work and exams for a while, and will be back online in a month or two.
I wonder if by then you will have come up with an original thought.

Should you posted to the ME by then, good luck.
__________________
Secede. Control taxbases/municipalities. Use boycotts, divestment, sanctions, strikes.
http://www.aeinstein.org/wp-content/...d-Jan-2015.pdf
https://canvasopedia.org/wp-content/...Points-web.pdf

Last edited by Hugh; April 21st, 2013 at 12:16 PM.
 
Old April 21st, 2013 #251
N.M. Valdez
SMASH THE FASH
 
N.M. Valdez's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2010
Posts: 3,382
Talking

Quote:
Originally Posted by Hugh View Post
The videos I post are almost all reports on current mainstream studies
LMAO, your videos about Atlantis and aliens are just idiotic crankery. If they were reports on current mainstream studies, you can post those current mainstream studies from their primary sources in journals, or even secondary sources in news stories, as Alex Kinder did with Stanford and Bradley's advocacy of the Solutrean hypothesis.
__________________
Quote:
Originally Posted by Alex Linder View Post
I don't know what the truth is, and have said as much.
 
Old April 21st, 2013 #252
Cassinelli
Fino all'ultimo
 
Cassinelli's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2012
Location: Huitremannaland
Posts: 318
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by N.M. Valdez View Post
LMAO, your videos about Atlantis and aliens are just idiotic crankery.
If soluteran hypothesis is a lie, how native americans would have the same haplogroup X than europeans?

What about the myth of giant redheads in Patagonia? Vinland? Vikings on Piauí, Wiracocha? And what about skulls of caucasian people with light hair around America?

White people are gods of this world. They're hyperboreans.
__________________
Anarchist & Racist
 
Old April 21st, 2013 #253
N.M. Valdez
SMASH THE FASH
 
N.M. Valdez's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2010
Posts: 3,382
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Cassinelli View Post
If soluteran hypothesis is a lie, how native americans would have the same haplogroup X than europeans?
Transmission from Siberia, as supported in The Presence of Mitochondrial Haplogroup X in Altaians from South Siberia, American Journal of Human Genetics, 2001 July, 69(1): 237–241: "Hence, the results of the present study allow us to suggest that haplogroup X was the part of the ancestral gene pool for Altaian populations, being found both in northern and southern Altaians.

Recently, the mtDNA studies have shown that both northern and southern Altaians exhibit all four Asian and American Indian–specific haplogroups (A–D) with frequencies of 57.2% (Sukernik et al. 1996) and 46.8% (Derenko et al. 2000a), respectively, exceeding those reported previously for Mongolians, Chinese, and Tibetans. Therefore, they may represent the populations which are most closely related to NewWorld indigenous groups. Since the detection of all four haplogroups (A–D) in an Asian population is thought to be a first criterion in the identification of a possible New World founder, the candidate source population for American Indian mtDNA haplotypes therefore may include the populations originating in the regions to the southwest and southeast of Lake Baikal, including the Altai Mountain region (Derenko et al. 2000b). The presence of X mtDNAs in Altaians is generally consonant with the latter conclusion."








Quote:
Originally Posted by Cassinelli View Post
What about the myth of giant redheads in Patagonia? Vinland? Vikings on Piauí, Wiracocha?
Where are those myths from? Also, do you support the Bible's description of the Nephilim to mean that there were giants waling around?

And what about skulls of caucasian people with light hair around America?[/quote]

Do you believe that hair retains its pigmentation hundreds or even thousands of years after death and burial, or that it could become rust-colored?

What about the skeletons of the giants?



Quote:
Originally Posted by Cassinelli View Post
White people are gods of this world. They're hyperboreans.
__________________
Quote:
Originally Posted by Alex Linder View Post
I don't know what the truth is, and have said as much.
 
Old April 25th, 2013 #254
Lagergeld
Tard Corralled
 
Lagergeld's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: Colorado
Posts: 1,618
Default

Go easy on Senor Valdez. It's been shown that mestizos have IQs averaging 7 points lower than whites.

That's why they keep coming over here for feed.
__________________
RIP Brunn
 
Old April 25th, 2013 #255
Lagergeld
Tard Corralled
 
Lagergeld's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: Colorado
Posts: 1,618
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Cassinelli View Post
If soluteran hypothesis is a lie, how native americans would have the same haplogroup X than europeans?
I don't know if they have Clovis Culture/Solutrean DNA or not, what does it for them is the origin of the artifacts; European and not Asiatic in origin.

Drawing from original archaeological analysis, paleoclimatic research, and genetic studies, noted archaeologists Dennis J. Stanford, of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, and Bruce A. Bradley, associate professor at the University of Exeter, United Kingdom, apply rigorous scholarship to a hypothesis that places the technological antecedents of Clovis in Europe. Their research indicates that the first Americans crossed the Atlantic by boat and arrived earlier than previously thought.

Supplying archaeological and oceanographic evidence to support these assertions, the book dismantles the old paradigms while persuasively linking Clovis technology with the culture of the Solutrean people who occupied France and Spain more than 20,000 years ago.


Source

__________________
RIP Brunn
 
Old April 25th, 2013 #256
Lagergeld
Tard Corralled
 
Lagergeld's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: Colorado
Posts: 1,618
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by N.M. Valdez View Post
No, Spew. Scientific research doesn't lose accuracy based on popular opinion among a given group, in this case, fascists. It's an insight into your logically fallacious thought process and dimwitted little mind that you would even think that.
So why are there so few Latinos (or whatever you call yourselves this week) involved in scientific research? You be oppressed n sheet?
__________________
RIP Brunn
 
Old April 26th, 2013 #257
N.M. Valdez
SMASH THE FASH
 
N.M. Valdez's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2010
Posts: 3,382
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Lagergeld View Post
Go easy on Senor Valdez. It's been shown that mestizos have IQs averaging 7 points lower than whites.

That's why they keep coming over here for feed.
Fagergeld, you know that it was Western European colonialists who came to America with no invite, don't you?

Quote:
Originally Posted by Lagergeld View Post
I don't know if they have Clovis Culture/Solutrean DNA or not, what does it for them is the origin of the artifacts; European and not Asiatic in origin.
LMAO, you forgot to mention that Stanford and Bradley's research has always been disputed, and at this time, the preponderance of research weighs against it, with the most recent study being the forthcoming Refuting the technological cornerstone of the Ice-Age Atlantic crossing hypothesis, Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 40, Issue 7, July 2013, Pages 2934–2941: "The 'North Atlantic Ice-Edge Corridor' hypothesis proposes that sometime during the Last Glacial Maximum, roughly 26,500–19,000 years ago, human populations from southern France and the Iberian Peninsula made their way across the North Atlantic and colonized North America. A key element of that hypothesis is the apparent similarity between stone-tool-production techniques of Solutrean peoples of Western Europe and Clovis and purportedly pre-Clovis peoples of eastern North America, most especially the supposed intentional use of 'controlled overshot flaking,' a technique for thinning a bifacial stone tool during manufacture. Overshot flakes, struck from prepared edges of the tool, travel across the face and remove part of the opposite margin. Experimental and archaeological data demonstrate, however, that the most parsimonious explanation for the production of overshot flakes is that they are accidental products created incidentally and inconsistently as knappers attempt to thin bifaces. Thus, instead of representing historical divergence, overshot flakes in Clovis and Solutrean assemblages mark convergence in the use of the same simple solution for thinning bifaces that produced analogous detritus."

Quote:
Originally Posted by Lagergeld View Post
So why are there so few Latinos (or whatever you call yourselves this week) involved in scientific research? You be oppressed n sheet?
"Latino"? Am I from the Latin peoples of Rome, Fagergeld?
__________________
Quote:
Originally Posted by Alex Linder View Post
I don't know what the truth is, and have said as much.
 
Old February 2nd, 2014 #258
Hugh
Holorep survivor
 
Hugh's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: The wild frontier
Posts: 4,849
Default

__________________
Secede. Control taxbases/municipalities. Use boycotts, divestment, sanctions, strikes.
http://www.aeinstein.org/wp-content/...d-Jan-2015.pdf
https://canvasopedia.org/wp-content/...Points-web.pdf
 
Old February 2nd, 2014 #259
Hugh
Holorep survivor
 
Hugh's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: The wild frontier
Posts: 4,849
Default

__________________
Secede. Control taxbases/municipalities. Use boycotts, divestment, sanctions, strikes.
http://www.aeinstein.org/wp-content/...d-Jan-2015.pdf
https://canvasopedia.org/wp-content/...Points-web.pdf
 
Old February 13th, 2014 #260
Alex Linder
Administrator
 
Join Date: Nov 2003
Posts: 45,756
Blog Entries: 34
Default

Ancient native boy's genome reignites debate over first Americans
Reuters By Sharon Begley

By Sharon Begley

NEW YORK (Reuters) - For more than 20 years anthropologists have debated whether the first Americans arrived in the New World by walking over a land bridge across the Bering Strait, as millions of schoolchildren have been taught, or by sea from southwest Europe, perhaps in animal-skin kayaks.

A new analysis challenges the out-of-Europe hypothesis, which has figured in a political debate over the rights of present-day Native American tribes. Scientists announced on Wednesday that they had, for the first time, determined the full genome sequence of an ancient American, a toddler who lived some 12,600 years ago and was buried in western Montana. His DNA, they report, links today's Native Americans to ancient migrants from easternmost Asia.

The study, published in the journal Nature, "is the final shovelful of dirt" on the European hypothesis, said anthropological geneticist Jennifer Raff of the University of Texas, co-author of a commentary on it in Nature.

The idea that the first Americans arrived millennia earlier than long thought and from someplace other than Beringia - which spans easternmost Russia and western Alaska - has poisoned relationships between many Native Americans and anthropologists. Some tribes fear that the theory that the continent's first arrivals originated in Europe might cast doubt on their origin stories and claims to ancient remains on ancestral lands.

Despite the new study, other experts say the debate over whether the first Americans arrived from Beringia or southwestern Europe, where a culture called the Solutrean thrived from 21,000 to 17,000 years ago, is far from settled.

"They haven't produced evidence to refute the Solutrean hypothesis," said geneticist Stephen Oppenheimer of Oxford University, a leading expert on using DNA to track ancient migrations. "In fact, there is genetic evidence that only the Solutrean hypothesis explains."

ELK ANTLERS

The partial skeleton of the 1-year-old boy, called Anzick-1, was discovered when a front-end loader hit it while scooping out fill in 1968. The grave and its environs contained 125 artifacts including stone spear points and elk antlers centuries older than the bones, said anthropologist Michael Waters of Texas A&M University's Center for the Study of the First Americans, a co-author of the Nature study.

That suggests that the antler artifacts "were very special heirlooms handed down over generations," Waters said. Why they were buried with the boy remains unknown.

The distinctive stone tools show that the boy was a member of the Clovis culture, one of the oldest in North America and dating to around 12,600 to 13,000 years ago. The origins and descendants of the Clovis people have remained uncertain, but the boy's genome offers clues.

"The genetic data from Anzick confirms that the ancestors of this boy originated in Asia," said Eske Willerslev of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, who led the study. The DNA shows that the child belonged to a group that is a direct ancestor to as many as 80 percent of the Native Americans tribes alive today, he said: "It's almost like he is a missing link" between the first arrivals and today's tribes.

The most likely scenario, said Texas's Raff, is that humans reached eastern Beringia from Siberia 26,000 to 18,000 years ago. By 17,000 years ago, receding glaciers allowed them to cross the Bering Strait. Some migrated down the Pacific coast, reaching Monte Verde in Chile by 14,600 years ago, while others - including the ancestors of Anzick-1 - headed for the interior of North America.

The genetic analysis found that the boy is less closely related to northern Native Americans than to central and southern Native Americans such as the Maya of Central America and the Karitiana of Brazil. That can best be explained, the scientists say, if he belonged to a population that is directly ancestral to the South American tribes.

Today's Native Americans are "direct descendants of the people who made and used Clovis tools and buried this child," the scientists wrote. "In agreement with previous archaeological and genetic studies, our genome analysis refutes the possibility that Clovis originated via a European migration to the Americas."

Not all experts are convinced. "We definitely have some stuff here in the east of the United States that is older than anything they have in the west," said anthropologist Dennis Stanford of the Smithsonian Institution, a proponent of the out-of-Europe model. "They've been reliably dated to 20,000 years ago," too early for migrants from Beringia to have made the trek, he said, and strongly resemble Solutrean artifacts.

Genetic analysis is also keeping the out-of-Europe idea alive.

One variant of DNA that is inherited only from a mother, called mitochondrial DNA, and is found in many Native Americans has been traced to western Eurasia but is absent from east Eurasia, where Beringia was before the sea covered it, Oppenheimer explained. For the variant, called X2a, to have such a high frequency in Native Americans "it must have got across the Atlantic somehow," he said. The new study "completely ignored this evidence, and only the Solutrean hypothesis explains it."

The scientists hope the Anzick boy has yielded all his secrets: He will be reburied by early summer.

(Reporting by Sharon Begley; Editing by Michele Gershberg and Douglas Royalty)

http://news.yahoo.com/ancient-native...180839344.html
 
Reply

Share


Thread
Display Modes


All times are GMT -5. The time now is 06:11 AM.
Page generated in 0.15074 seconds.