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Old December 19th, 2017 #1
Johan
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Default Dutch persons and organisations during WOII.

Johannes Hendrikus Feldmeijer



Johannes Hendrikus Feldmeijer was born in Assen in 1910. He was a student of mathematics and physics at the Rijks Universiteit Groningen (1928-1935), but he quit his studies in order to devote himself entirely to politics. Feldmeijer became a member of the NSB in 1932 when he was only 21 years of age. Like Meinout Rost van Tonningen he is considered to be of the 'volkse' movement within the NSB who played an important role in the organisation's radicalisation. The 'volksen', who increased their influence within the NSB in 1935, were of a Germanic and pro-German orientation. They largely derived their ideas from the racist and anti-Semitic blood and soil theory of the NSDAP. The 'volksen' idealised the rural lifestyle, the history of the Germanic ancestors, and conducted scientific research on subjects connected with these ideas.

From 1937 Feldmeijer performed an important executive function within the organisation Der Vaderen Erfdeel (from 1940: Volksche Werkgemeenschap), the 'volkse'-cultural society that performed the research in which rediscovery of the 'volkse' awareness and the separation of foreign elements from the 'volksen' were the central ideas. They made the Dutch aware of the fact that their culture was 'fundamentally Germanic', taking an important step in the direction of SS ideology. Feldmeijer was strongly attracted to this SS ideology, but was forced to stay in the background as far as his devotion to politics in the Netherlands was concerned, as the expression of such ideas was not appreciated within the NSB.

Anton Mussert, the Leider (leader) of the NSB and a supporter of the Dietse/Great-Netherlandish school of thought would have nothing to do with SS ideas. In 1939 Feldmeijer founded the Mussert-Garde together with Rost van Tonningen.


In the centre: Feldmeijer

Feldmeijer did not disappoint his SS superiors. He ensured that there was a constant flow of people from the Dutch SS (later called the Germaansche SS in the Netherlands) to the Waffen-SS. After the German attack on the Soviet Union Feldmeijer called on all true SS soldiers to report to Standarte 'Westland' ('Wiking' division) to join in the battle against bolshevism. Eventually almost the entire Dutch SS ended up serving on the eastern front. Feldmeijer himself set the 'proper' example on several occasions. He served as an gunner in the 'Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler' during the Balkan campaign. (Unterscharführer) Feldmeijer was Flak Geschützführer (commander of an anti-aircraft battery) in the 'Wiking' Division from 10 June 1942 to 1 March 1943. He was decorated with the Iron Cross second class, the Sturmabzeichen, and the Verwundetenabzeichen in black. On 1 March 1943 Feldmeijer was promoted to SS-Standartenführer in the Germanic SS (as the Dutch SS was called from 1 November 1942), as well as Untersturmführer der Waffen-SS. In September 1944 Feldmeijer played an important role in the reinforcement of the Landstorm Nederland (a unit with the status of division from 10 February 1945).


Feldmeijer (right) meets another Dutchman at the Caucasus front.

Feldmeijer tried to concentrate his 'own' SS men within the 'battalion Feldmeijer' that was to be a part of the division, which was stationed in the Netherlands and was a division only on paper, was the only 'Freiwilligen Division' to fight the western allies. On 22 February 1945 Henk Feldmeijer, who had by then been promoted to Standartenführer der Germaansche SS and Hauptsturmführer der Waffen-SS, was killed at the age of 34. The official story tells us that he was riddled with bullets by an allied fighter-bomber during a car ride near Raalte. Other sources say that Feldmeijer was shot by his own men. Although Feldmeijer was known as 'a true SS man' and was very popular with people like Heinrich Himmler, he could not resist the many temptations that came with his position. He was guilty of abusing alcohol and women on many occasions, as well as corruption during the war. For all this people within the SS wanted to get rid of him.

Feldmeijer was with some others responsible for many crimes against his own people. In his own country he did not shrink back from taking part in reprisals for liquidations committed by the Dutch resistance. This operation in the late summer of 1943, better known as 'Silbertanne', was performed among others by the so-called Sonderkommando Feldmeijer. The Germanic SS (formerly Dutch SS) killed at least twenty (possibly forty-five) innocent Dutchmen as a reprisal for resistance actions.


Feldmeijer speaks in The Hague to men of the Dutch SS who leave for the Eastern Front.

http://www.waffen-ss.nl/feldmeijer-e.php
 
Old December 20th, 2017 #2
Ray Allan
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Most of us know about Belgium's Leon Degrelle, but this is the first time I've read anything about this man.

I didn't know Dutch SS officers wore that runic symbol over the Totenkopf in place of the SS eagle on their caps. That appears to be the prewar black uniform, since Feldmeijer is wearing a standard officer's cap in the second photo with a wartime feldgrau uniform.
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Old December 20th, 2017 #3
Johan
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Ray Allan View Post
Most of us know about Belgium's Leon Degrelle, but this is the first time I've read anything about this man.

I didn't know Dutch SS officers wore that runic symbol over the Totenkopf in place of the SS eagle on their caps. That appears to be the prewar black uniform, since Feldmeijer is wearing a standard officer's cap in the second photo with a wartime feldgrau uniform.
In memory of the bond with the NSB, the members of the Dutch SS did not wear a swastika around the left arm, but a band with a black-red triangle containing the wolf's angle. This symbol, which was regarded as a typical NSB symbol, was also worn on the cap above the skull (instead of the SS 'eagle' / Hoheitsabzeichen). Another minor difference with the German SS was the black shirt of the Dutch SS (instead of brown). The Dutch SS wore the SS runes at the top of the right sleeve. In February / March 1944 the black uniforms had to make way for the field-gray version of the Waffen-SS.

 
Old December 20th, 2017 #4
Ray Allan
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What happened to the Dutch SS men who survived the war? I assume the jews went after them for alleged "war crimes" and the like just as they did to German and other European former SS and Waffen-SS.
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Old December 21st, 2017 #5
Johan
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Ray Allan View Post
What happened to the Dutch SS men who survived the war? I assume the jews went after them for alleged "war crimes" and the like just as they did to German and other European former SS and Waffen-SS.
Oh yes Ray it was bad they where put in camps.
They robbed the prisoners, barely fed them, and serious ill-treatments were the rule rather than the exception. Prisoners were dragged out of their cell naked and beaten to blood. They had to go barefoot to the air space, on a path with broken glass, and the contents of the latrines were regularly poured out over them. "

The leaders of the movement where executed.
On 7 May 1946, exactly one year after his arrest, Anton Mussert was put to death. The execution took place on the Waalsdorpervlakte.
The last words of Anton Mussert are state secrets and will only be released to the public in 2021.

Many after the war executed Dutch are buried on the German War Cemetery of Ysselstein.




Arrest of Anton Mussert, leader of the NSB at Korte Vijverberg 3 in The Hague on 7 May 1945.

Last edited by Johan; December 21st, 2017 at 05:19 AM.
 
Old December 21st, 2017 #6
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Westerbork refugee transit camp in The Netherlands. This picture is of the SS mess hall at Christmas.

Some pictures of the old days you can find here.
 
Old December 21st, 2017 #7
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Column Henneicke.

The so-called Column Henneicke was employed during the final period of the persecution of the Jewish population in the Netherlands. The group, led by Willem Henneicke and Willem Briedé, was active in the period from March to September 1943. It was a party of about fifty Dutch bounty hunters, who tracked down Jews in hiding and extradited them to the German authorities. They would also trace down Jewish property which they would take for their own benefit.

http://erijswijk.blogspot.com/2011/0...ke-column.html

Anti-Jewish measures in the Netherlands since 1940

01/07/1940 Jews prohibited from working in the air protection service.

06/09/1940 Jews prohibited from being employed in the civil service.
Jews who already are employed should not be promoted. This measure was, shortly after , extended from departments and universities to all subsidized institutions.

26/09/1940 Prohibited to publish Jewish newspapers, except “Het Joodsche Weekblad”.

05/10/1940 All employees at universities, departments and subsidized institutions have to fill out an Aryan declaration about their origin.

22/10/1940 All Jewish businessmen had to have their company registered. The regulation controls, in general terms, who is and who is not to be regarded as Jewish. Here, this description is intended to ensure that the companies cannot easily be transferred to others. This regulation, however, will later on widely be applied regarding deportations: Everyone who has three or more Jewish grandparents and is a member of a Jewish parish or is married to a Jew, will be considered as Jewish.

04/11/1940 Announcement that on November 21st, all Jewish officials will be suspended and, later on, discharged.

19/12/1940 Jews prohibited from employing German household staff.

09/01/1941 Jews prohibited from visiting cinemas.

10/01/1941 All Jews or people with at least one Jewish grandparent must register at the population registry. Within four weeks after the announcement, all municipalities have to make a report, which is to be completed within the prescribed period. Only a few people (twenty according to Dr. Lou de Jong) within the Jewish population refuse to cooperate. Officially 160,820 Jews are registered, of which 15,549 were half- Jews and 5,719 quarter-Jews.

16/01/1941 For Amsterdam, the city where the vast majority of the Jewish population lives, an additional measure is applied. They also need to specify how many houses and how many stores are in the possession of Jewish people , where their schools and churches are situated, what tram and bus services operate in these neighbourhoods and what cultural institutions are available.

12/02/1941 The quarter in Amsterdam with many Jewish inhabitants is fenced in with barbed wire and renamed the “Joodsche Wijk” (Jewish quarter). Shortly after, the barriers are taken away, but the signs “Joodsche Wijk” remained in place.

13/02/1941 Establishment of the Jewish Council, which had been given the dubious order to implement all German measures, including determining which group of Jews has to be transported next and to nip all protests in the bud immediately. The only Jewish newspaper, “Het Joodsche Weekblad” (the Jewish Weekly), was to be used for this purpose.

22/02/1941 First arrests of 427 Jews who are deported to Mauthausen, after violent protests against the measures. In response to this , the February strike breaks out, the one and only strike against anti-Jewish measures in the entire war.

15/04/1941 Jewish people prohibited from having radios in their possession.

01/05/1941 Jewish lawyers and doctors are not allowed to have non-Jewish clients and patients.

01/05/1941 Jews are no longer allowed to visit markets.

31/05/1941 Jews are no longer allowed to visit swimming pools and beaches.

11/06/1941 Second deportation of 300 Jews from Amsterdam to Mauthausen.

08/08/1941 First LiRo (Lippman-Rosenthal) regulation VO 148/1941: Jews are obliged to transfer their bank balances of more than a thousand guilders (about 450 euros) to the Lippmann-Rosenthal Bank, a former Jewish bank, taken over by the Germans.

01/09/1941 Jewish children are not allowed to go to public schools.

14/09/1941 Third roundup in Twente; hundreds of Jewish men were arrested and deported.

15/09/1941 Prohibited for Jews to visit parks, zoos, cafés, restaurants, hotels, theatres and museums.

18/09/1941 Fourth roundup in Gelderland; hundred Jews are arrested and deported.

09/01/1942 Jewish identity cards have to be provided with a “J”.

10/01/1942 Labour camps for Jews are set up in the east and north of the country.

20/03/1942 Prohibited for Jews to possess or to drive any means of transport.

26/03/1942 Prohibited for Jews to marry non-Jews.

03/05/1942 All Jews over six years of age have to wear a yellow six-pointed Star of David with the word “Jew”, clearly visible their clothing.

21/05/1942 Second LiRo Regulation VO 58/1942: Jews are obliged to hand in all their gold, silver, antiques, art, and cultural valuables at Lippmann-Rosenthal in the Sarphati street in Amsterdam.

12/06/1942 Jews are only allowed to shop in a limited number of stores during a limited period of time.

30/06/1942 Setting of a curfew. Jews must be at home between 20.00 and 06.00 hours.

05/07/1942 First summons of the Jewish Council are distributed.

06/07/1942 Prohibited for Jews to phone and to pay visits to non-Jews.

14/07/1942 First transport of Amsterdam Jews to transit camp Westerbork.

15/07/1942 The first train with 1,135 Jews leaves from Westerbork to Auschwitz. Until September 13th, 1944, a train will be going to Auschwitz or Sobibor weekly.

22/07/1942 The Hollandsche Schouwburg is taken into service as a gathering place where the Jews are to report themselves, and retrieved and arrested Jews are being held.

01/10/1942 Jews in Dutch labour camps are transferred to Westerbork.

15/10/1942 The crèche at the Plantage Middenlaan 31 is being used as an annex to the Hollandsche Schouwburg. Jewish children, separated from their parents, are waiting to be deported.

15/01/1943 All foundlings are considered Jewish children, they are brought to the nursery in Amsterdam and subsequently deported.

16/01/1943 The first group of 450 Jews is deported from the Hollandsche Schouwburg to labour camp Vught. During the war, a total of 12,000 Jews will be imprisoned.

02/03/1943 First transport from Westerbork to the new extermination camp Sobibor.

15/03/1943 The Germans found out that about 25,000 Jews were in hiding. During a meeting in The Hague, Harster, Zopf and Lages decide to work with a premium system to retrieve Jews in hiding. Harster sets the premium at seven guilders and fifty cents a Jew, an amount that could be doubled if the Jewish arrestee had violated regulations.

10/04/1943 Prohibited for Jews to reside in the provinces Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe, Overijssel, Gelderland, Zeeland, North Brabant and Limburg.

22/04/1943 Prohibited for Jews to reside in the provinces of Utrecht, South and North Holland, except Amsterdam. With the introduction of these measures all Jews were in German captivity, with the exception of a limited number of Amsterdam Jews, some with exceptional exemption (“Sperre”) and Jews in hiding.

06/07/1943 Children's transport from Westerbork to Sobibor.

29/09/1943 Transport of the last remaining Jews from Amsterdam to Westerbork.

19/11/1943 The Hollandsche Schouwburg closes after the last group of Jews, arrested out of hiding, is deported.

19/11/1943 First transport from Westerbork to Theresiënstadt.

11/01/1944 First transport from Westerbork to concentration camp Bergen-Belsen.

01/05/1944 Introduction of the TD card, the “Tweede Distributiestamkaart” (second distribution master card), in addition to the distribution map for the procurement of food, which had been introduced in the Netherlands in 1939. The TD card was linked to the control of identity cards in order to prevent Jews in hiding and members of the resistance from getting food. Moreover it would be easier to track them down during their attempts to do so.

02/06/1944 Last transport from camp Vught to Auschwitz.

13/09/1944 Last transport from Westerbork.

http://www.go2war2.nl/artikel/2659/A...since-1940.htm
 
Old December 21st, 2017 #8
Johan
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The National Socialist Women's Organization (NSVO)

The NSVO was the name under which NSB women could actively show themselves between 1938 and 1945 in the development and expansion of Dutch national socialism.

The NSVO was established on 1 September 1938. As an independent department of the NSB she was led by Mrs A.M. from Hoey Smith-van Stolk. The goal of the NSVO was:

To promote and strengthen the national-socialist life and world view among Dutch women; the care of National Socialist workers who need it.

The Maternity Department was a "service for mothers", aimed at helping girls, women and mothers in fulfilling their national socialist task in families and people. Mussert issued large amounts of subsidy to the Mother Service, especially to set up six 'Mother Schools', where infant care, childcare, sewing and cooking were on the program.

Rost van Tonningen, in turn, saw in the women of the NSVO a fourth pillar of support for the blossoming national socialism of the NSB: alongside that of the workers, the youth and the peasants.

In 1942 the number of members was 20,000.


Anton Mussert visit the NSVO (1942)
 
Old December 21st, 2017 #9
Johan
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Zwart Front

The Black Front (Dutch: Zwart Front) was a Dutch fascist movement active before the Second World War.

The front grew out of the southern section of the General Dutch Fascist League, with regional organiser Arnold Meijer quarrelling with leader Jan Baars in 1934 and leading his followers out.The Black Front emerged and soon took over a number of smaller movements, while also gaining some support among the poorer parts of society. Although similar to its parent movement the Black Front emphasised a more Catholic line, in tune with Meijer's own religious beliefs.Taking its cue in part from Italian fascism it adopted that movement's black shirted uniformed while adding a unique emblem featuring a sword between a pair of ram horns.

The group however struggled to gain support from the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands and in 1940 was renamed as the National Front. The National Front was ultimately banned by the Germans on 14 December 1941 along with all other Dutch political parties except for the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB). The majority of its members switched to the NSB although a disillusioned Meijer left politics altogether.

National Socialist Dutch Workers Party

The National Socialist Dutch Workers Party (Dutch Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij).Was a minor Dutch national socialist party founded in 1931 and led by Ernst Herman van Rappard. Seeking to copy the fascism of others, notably Adolf Hitler, the group failed to achieve success and was accused by rivals such as the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) and the General Dutch Fascist League of being too moderate for a fascist movement.

The group looked to the National Socialist German Workers Party for its inspiration, setting up its own Storm Trooper battalion in imitation of the Sturmabteilung and its own Holland Youth like the Hitler Youth.

The NSNAP finally disappeared altogether on December 14, 1941 when Arthur Seyss-Inquart banned all parties except the NSB.With van Rappard on active service with the Waffen-SS most of the remaining NSNAP members accepted the decision and switched their support to Mussert.


Holland for Hitler NSNAP
 
Old December 25th, 2017 #10
Johan
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SS-Schule Avegoor: a SS-school in the Netherlands

Avegoor was an educational institution for the Dutch SS and various other Dutch National Socialist organisations at the Avegoor estate near the village of Ellecom, about 20 km north-east of the city of Arnhem. Close to the IJssel river, next to the medieval castle of Middachten, with a view on the largest of the Dutch natural surroundings, the Veluwe. A forest-rich region which stretches all the way to the IJsselmeer. At the Avegoor estate from May 1941 the volunteers for the Dutch SS were trained in the National Socialist ideology and had a short military training. Although the training-centre was meant for the Dutch SS, it was under the supervision of the German SS. It's commander was the German SS-officer Alphons Brendel. He was also responsible for the SS-troops that worked at Camp Amersfoort as guards.


The first award ceremony of the Germanic Proficiency Runes held at the Dutch SS School Avegoor on 1st February 1944. from left to right, SS-Gruppnführer Gotlob Berger, Chief of the SS-Hauptamt, Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler, Dr. Seyss-Inquart, Reichskommissar in Holland, Anton Mussert, Leader of the N.S.B and Henk Feldmeijer, foreman of the Dutch SS.

At Avegoor also various other National Socialist organisations were trained in the National Socialist ideology such as divisions of the NSB, National Socialist youth-organisations, National Socialist police-organisations, etc. Also a lot of the so-called Jew-hunters received part of their training at Avegoor. They worked for divisions of the Dutch police that were specialised in finding and arresting Jews that were in hiding.



In the course of 1942 there's need for an enlargement of the training facilities and for a gym and sports fields. It's decided that Jewish prisoners will be brought over from prison-camps for levelling the grounds where the gym will be build. To transport the huge amounts of sand a track is build first and on the 3rd of September 1942 139 Jewish men are imprisoned in the nearby villa called Irene. The name of the villa is changed by the Germans to Palestina.They completed their work after 11 weeks and were brought to the Westerbork camp on the 21st of November 1942.


SS-Hoofdstormleader Bettink wearing the Germanic Proficiency Runes and Feldmeijer in field-grey uniform.
 
Old January 10th, 2018 #11
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For Holland and for Europe: The Life and Death of Dr. M.M. Rost van Tonningen.

About the Author

Florentine Rost van Tonningen (1914- 2007) was the wife of Meinoud Rost van Tonningen, a leading figure in the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB), and President of the country’s central bank during the German occupation (1941–1945). In the decades after the end of the war, she boldy spoke out in defiance of the hate that prevailed in her country toward those who had supported or collaborated with Germany. Until her death at the age of 92, she vigorously defended her late husband’s reputation and honor, and continued to support and propagate the ideals of National Socialism.



What is the point of speaking about the past? Why take another look at the worldview of my late husband, who was a National Socialist? Is there any point in speaking about such things in the liberal democratic era in which we live today?

My answer is that there most certainly is, for it is only through an open-mindedness toward the past that we can understand the road to the future. An understanding of history guides us on that road.

My husband, Meinoud Marinus van Tonningen, was born on February 19, 1894 in Surabaja, Dutch East Indies, to a well-respected Dutch family, many of whose members had held positions of great national importance. My husband was brought up a patriot, and at the age of 15 he decided on a military career.

His father had also chosen that path, and had been decorated more than once for his loyal military service. At the zenith of his career, my husband's father was appointed commander-in-chief of the Royal Dutch Army in the Eastern Colonies, that is, for the area now known as Indonesia. He led the three famous Bali, Lombok, and Atjeh expeditions, for which he was appointed an Adjutant-General to the Queen. He resigned in 1909, however, as a result of the parsimonious attitude of the Dutch parliament toward the armed forces.

When the youthful Rost van Tonningen told his father of his military ambitions, the latter discouraged him with the words: "Don't, my boy. This parliament will never recognize the needs of our army and will prevent it from properly carrying out its mission, which is, above all, to withstand any foreign aggression. Believe me, my son, all your efforts would be in vain." It was not until years later that my husband came to understand the wisdom and farsightedness of his fathers advice, which proved to be not only correct for my husband, but prophetic for his country and for Europe as a whole.

In 1912 my husband decided to become an engineer. But the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 intervened, and he served instead in the army as an officer in the Royal Artillery. He learned a great deal by closely following the intense political controversy within the Dutch army during this period. He came to believe that only a thorough reform of the entire economic and political system could prevent the downfall of Europe. And out of that realization grew his interest in politics. Despite his father's protests, he did not resume his engineering studies after the end of the war in 1918, but instead registered as a law student at the University of Leiden.

The revolution which shook Germany and the immense economic crisis which loomed over Europe in the aftermath of the World War further strengthened Rost van Tonningen's determination to devote himself to an idealistic career in politics. In 1921 he was awarded his doctorate by the University of Leiden. His dissertation, on international law, dealt with possibilities of alleviating the economic and political distress in Central Europe, much of it in consequence of the imposed peace treaties of Versailles and St. Germain. At that time still a liberal by education and training, Rost van Tonningen believed that Central Europe could be rescued through the intervention of the League of Nations.

Eager to work for the League, Dr. Rost van Tonningen worked hard to improve his fluency in French, English, and German, so that he could deal with political and economic issues on a truly European basis. His understanding of international law and his close study of the operations and problems of the League of Nations made him a welcome volunteer at the League's headquarters in Geneva in 1922.

In the following year Rost van Tonningen was appointed assistant to the Commissioner General of the League of Nations in Vienna, Dr. Zimmerman, the former mayor of Rotterdam, who was attempting to revive the economy of the shriveled Austrian state on the basis of the Balfour Plan of 1922. Dr. Zimmerman, the first man of pronounced anti-Semitic opinions whom Rost van Tonningen had met, attributed a portion of postwar Austria's economic woes to the activities of Jewish speculators, many of whom had flocked to Vienna after 1918. Although Rost van Tonningen was not completely won over to the Commissioner General's standpoint, he became aware for the first time of the Jewish question in Central Europe.

In 1928 Rost van Tonningen left Vienna and the League to work as a banker at Hope & Co. in Amsterdam and New York, but the world economic crisis of 1931, which followed the New York Stock Exchange crash of 1929, led him to return to his work for the League of Nations in Vienna. The collapse of the Credit-Anstalt, Vienna's biggest bank in the spring of 1931 had been followed by financial disaster in Austria and Germany, and Great Britain's departure from the gold standard in September.

Dr. Rost van Tonningen became the representative of the Council of the League of Nations in Vienna, with a mandate to promote Austria's economic reconstruction. During the next five years he tried to work closely with the Austrian government in expanding Austrian productivity and trade with neighboring nations.

During that period Austria was beset by political as well as economic miseries. The Christian Socialists, strongly clerical and authoritarian, banned both the Marxist Social Democrats and the National Socialists, setting up a one-party state under the dictatorial rule of Engelbert Dollfuss (until his assassination in an unsuccessful National Socialist putsch in 1934) and Kurt Schuschnigg.

Rost van Tonningen, who at first worked closely with Dollfuss and opposed the National Socialists, grew horrified at Dollfuss' repression of his political enemies. At the same time, Dollfuss grew to oppose a union of Austria with Germany, which seemed to Rost van Tonningen to offer the only solution to Austria's economic problems.

Dr. Rost van Tonningen had meanwhile concluded that economic liberalism and free trade were no longer suited to Austria or to a politically balkanized Europe of small, independent states. He had come to believe that only the formation of a controlled economy, based on the just needs of a racial community occupying a large area (Grossraum), could enable the Europeans to compete, in the long run, with such vast entities as the Soviet Union, the British Empire, and the United States. His idea was one of the first expressions of the need for a European economic community.

In 1935 and 1936 most European countries devalued their gold currencies and went off the gold standard, threatening monetary chaos. My husband, now a convinced National Socialist, saw that the usefulness of the League to Austria and the rest of Europe was at an end. Accordingly, Rost van Tonningen resigned his position in Vienna, resolved to return to the Netherlands to devote himself to his country's National Socialist movement.

Before his return, my husband arranged through Germany's ambassador to Austria, Franz von Papen, to meet Hitler at his mountain chalet in Berchtesgaden. They discussed the Führer's policy toward England and the Germanic nations of the Continent; Rost van Tonningen learned that Hitler favored a united European economy, and that he believed that world prosperity would only be returned with the restoration of the purchasing power of Europe, a block of over 300 million people with a high standard of living.

In the Netherlands, Anton Mussert, leader of the Dutch National Socialist movement (Nationaal-Socialistisch Beweging), appointed Rost van Tonningen editor of the movement newspaper, Het Nationale Dagblad (The National Daily). The following year my husband was elected to the Dutch parliament, where he was able to observe first-hand how the party politicians obstructed their own experts, and those of the other parties, in solving the nations problems.

Within the Dutch National Socialist Movement, the N.S.B., there was at first no general agreement about the importance of large-scale economic thinking, or of racial unity. For example, Jews had been members of the N.S.B. since its founding in 1931. Before long, however, Dutch Jews organized a concerted campaign against the N.S.B., and it became impossible to ignore the Jewish question any longer. Mussert and my husband met to discuss this issue, and they agreed that it had to be solved in an orderly and peaceful way. They were convinced that the only solution would have to be an independent Jewish state.

Palestine was considered, but ultimately rejected as too small. Surinam, a Dutch colony in South America, was decided upon instead. Our party presented this plan to the Dutch parliament, where it was rejected by our political adversaries.

Meanwhile, Dr. Rost van Tonningen had been sent by Mussert to Germany to promote discussion of this "Mussert Plan" in the German press. Through Heinrich Himmler's intervention, my husband was able to meet and discuss the resettlement plan with Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop. After some hesitation, the foreign minister agreed to its publication. The permission of Dr. Goebbels' propaganda ministry for press treatment of the issue was also obtained, but in the end there was little mention made of the Mussert Plan. In 1937 my husband spoke privately for the first time with Heinrich Himmler, the "Reichsführer SS," and soon became a member of his inner circle. Himmler held my husband in high esteem, and introduced him to leading German National Socialist figures in the fields of economics, sociology, and science. Next to Hitler, Himmler was the most significant personality in the Reich's leadership. His basic views can be summarized as follows:

Unification of all Germans in a greater German Reich
cultivation of close ties between all Germanic people
unshakable faith in the greatness and abilities of the Nordic race
conviction that racial mixing, if carried too far, is disastrous

From early 1940 rumors spread that Hitler planned to attack our country. My husband believed that a German invasion would make the task of the Dutch National Socialists impossible. Accordingly, he traveled to Berlin that spring to discuss his and Mussert's feelings with Himmler. Rost van Tonningen was unsuccessful in seeing the Reichsführer, but was able to speak with his chief of staff, Obergruppenführer Wolff. Despite their understanding for the dilemma of the Dutch National Socialists, it was clear that the Germans mistrusted Great Britain and France, and believed (not without cause) that the government of the Netherlands was secretly pro-Allied.

A week before Germany attacked, Rost van Tonningen was arrested by the Dutch government, and accused of high treason over the national radio. Dutch authorities shifted him from place to place, fleeing before the German blitzkrieg. My husband was taken as far south as Calais, from where the Dutch government planned to carry him across the Channel to England, but was freed when the Germans captured the city.

Rost van Tonningen returned to the Netherlands at the start of June 1940. Since not only Queen Wilhelmina but the Dutch government as well had fled to England, General Winkelman, commander-in-chief of the Dutch land and sea forces, surrendered not only the army and navy but also the Dutch civil administration to the Germans. Hitler appointed the Austrian Arthur von Seyss-Inquart as Reichskommissar; the delicate situation which Rost van Tonningen feared had come to pass.

For a year Rost van Tonningen devoted himself to working politically with the German authorities. He was entrusted with closing down the Marxist parties, including the Communists and the Social Democrats, and building up a new organization, The Workers' Front (Arbeitsfront) for labor. Rost van Tonningen assumed control of the Het Volk (The People), the Social-Democratic daily; as long as the paper refrained from criticizing the occupation, Rost van Tonningen did not intervene in its workings.

Several parties were tolerated under the German occupation, including Mussert's National Socialists; "De Nederlandsche Unie" (Dutch Union), made up of members of several prewar parties; and the NSNAP (National Socialist Dutch Workers Party), which advocated the total incorporation of the Netherlands into the German Reich. When it became clear to my husband, a Dutch patriot, that the initial German policy of free development of political parties (not hostile to the occupation) had been abandoned, he ceased his political work. With war against the Soviet Union looming, Rost van Tonningen volunteered for service in the Waffen SS.

To Rost van Tonnigen's surprise Seyss-Inquart opposed his plans; the Reichskommissar prevailed on Himmler to reject Rost van Tonningen's application. Together with Anton Mussert, Himmler and Seyss-Inquart convinced my husband to accept the post of President of the Netherlands Bank and Secretary-General of Finance. Rost van Tonningen's mission was a difficult one. Customs duties had been abolished between Germany and the Netherlands in January 1941; the resignation of Rost van Tonnigen's predecessor, Dr. Trip, had been prompted by the abolition of the foreign exchange barrier between the two countries on April 1, 1941. Although my husband was assured that these two steps had been taken with the ultimate aim of setting up a continental free trading community, this never came to pass.

Rost van Tonningen represented Dutch interests within the German-dominated wartime continental economy to the best of his ability. Although Hitler and Himmler were broadly sympathetic to the Dutch desire for autonomy, my husband's efforts met with much resistance in administrative and business circles.

After the Dutch capitulation the Netherlands Bank had become virtually a branch office of the Reichsbank. Various occupying authorities made big demands on the Dutch treasury: Göring wanted 500 million RM per month, and so forth. In early 1942 Dr. Fischböck, Seyss-Inquart's economic adviser, reached an agreement with Count Schwerin von Krosigk, Reichminister of Finance, obligating the Netherlands to contribute 50 million RM per month, retroactive to July 1, 1941, to the fight against Bolshevism. Despite these challenges, my husband was able to institute a thorough reform of the Dutch banking system. He defended the interests of Dutch business and workingmen alike. He devoted considerable energy to building up the Netherlands East Company, which joined in German reconstruction and development in the occupied Eastern territories in summer 1942.
Capture and Murder

M.M. Rost van Tonningen and I were married on December 21, 1940. Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler was best man. Our matrimonial vow echoed the SS oath: "Our honor is loyalty."

Before the end came for the German Reich, my husband and I were given the chance to escape to Brazil. He refused, determined to see things through to the end and ready to take responsibility for his acts. Finally granted his wish, he took up arms as a member of the Dutch Waffen SS.

Although my husband had let me decide for myself whether I should flee with our two children to South America, naturally I declined. With the birth of my third child imminent, I made a perilous escape from advancing Polish troops across lands which the Germans had largely flooded to hinder the Allies' progress. A German ship then brought me to the island of Terschelling, in West Frisia, far from the front.

There, in a small room, unaided and alone, I brought my third child into the world, hale and hardy. My husband was never to learn of the birth of this son.

Soon the people of the village knew, however. My child's arrival was entered into the local register of births and, following the local custom, the town crier, after blowing on his great horn, proclaimed that the new-born child was the son of Rost van Tonningen. At virtually the same time the islanders learned of the official announcement of their country's liberation by the Allies, and the streets blossomed with little Dutch flags.

My husband was well known; his name adorned every Dutch bank note. The frenzied crowds, discovering that the wife of a notorious "collaborator" was in their midst, dragged my children and me from our room and would surely have lynched us in their wild hysteria had not the ship's doctor of the German vessel which brought me to the island happened by in his car just then. Driving into the crowd, he pulled us into the car and drove off at high speed.

Since the Kriegsmarine [German navy] had capitulated, there was no chance of escaping on the ship which had brought me to Terschelling; like the rest of the German warships in the harbor, it was under embargo. Even my brave rescuer believed there was no hope for me; he offered me a poison capsule.

There was, however, one German vessel at anchor there which hadn't been seized, for it wasn't a warship. I begged the captain to help my children and me escape. Without wasting any words he weighed anchor and we sailed off into the North Sea, negotiating dangerous minefields until we reached Cuxhafen, at the mouth of the Elbe. I was eager to reach Germany because I believed, following the death of Adolf Hitler on April 30, that the Allies might cease hostilities against the Reich and march, together with the remaining Waffen SS formations, against the Red Army. Himmler had transmitted just such a proposal, through Count Bernadotte, to the British and Americans, and my husband, close to the Reichsführer's circle, had gotten wind of it. Like my children, I was half-dead with hunger and fatigue, but I still hoped that I would meet my husband somewhere in Germany. That was not to be, however. As I was to learn later, M.M. Rost van Tonningen died brutally at the hands of his captors.

Shortly after arriving at Cuxhaven, where my children and I were admitted to the hospital, I learned that I was about to be arrested and extradited by the British. With the help of a nurse I escaped and, fleeing by foot with my children along country roads, made my way to Goslar in the Harz, where I was reunited with my family. After a few days, however, I was arrested by the British and returned to the Netherlands. It was only after returning that I learned something of my husband's fate.

At first I was kept prisoner in the subterranean dungeons of Ft. Honswijk, where I endured terrible treatment from the embittered and vengeful so-called Dutch "democrats." After my release, I was able to locate and regain custody of my three sons. but all our property had been confiscated.
My Fight for the Truth

I was then forced to make a living for my family and myself, not an easy thing for the widow of a prominent National-Socialist sympathizer in postwar Holland. Before the war I had studied biology under the great ethologist Konrad Lorenz, and my studies had brought me to China and the Dutch East Indies. Like other "collaborators." however, I was excluded from work in my own field.

At first I tried to support my sons by painting lampshades. No sooner had my persecutors learned of this than the rumor was spread that the lampshades were made of human skin (the same lie that was spread about Ilse Koch). I had to give up that enterprise. Thereafter I started an electrical equipment business. Trained as a biologist, I made myself into a businesswoman and technical expert. Beginning with 100 florins, over the course of 34 years I built up my business to a factory employing 25 men.

Since my release from prison I have worked tirelessly to establish the truth about my husband's death, of which I learned in my captivity. Due to the refusal of the allegedly "humane" and "democratic" regime which the Allies restored in the Netherlands. I have so far been able to learn very little.

In April 1945 M.M. Rost van Tonningen was captured by Canadian troops during the Allied invasion of the Netheriands. At first he was held, together with other Dutch SS officers, at a concentration camp in Elst. Following a visit by Prince Bernhard, consort of Queen Wilhelmina, my husband was transferred to Utrecht and then, on May 24, to a jail in Scheveningen, near The Hague. Thirteen days later he was murdered by his captors in Scheveningen.

I never received official notice of my husband's death, which authorities later claimed was a suicide. They have never produced any evidence to support this claim: the records pertaining to my husband have been sealed until the year 2069.

I was presented, however, with a bill from the municipal sanitation service of The Hague, for on June 6, 1945, the day of my husband's death, his remains were transferred, first from the prison to a hospital and then to a cemetery, in a garbage truck. It was given to me by a policeman named Gross, who carried a dossier with gruesome details of my husband's mistreatment.

When I visited the hospital to which my husband had been taken, the physician-in-charge was badly rattled when he learned who I was. When I asked him about my husbands death, he stammered, "No, no, Mrs. Rost van Tonningen, I can't talk about it." Then he took of his white coat and led me out of the hospital, where he hailed a taxi and directed me to the Witte-Brug Cemetery.

When I arrived there, it was the same story. The director was frightened, for he had been told to say nothing regarding my husband. He simply pointed to a row of portfolios, labeled "Secret," on a shelf, and told me that one of them told the story of my husband's death, of which he could say nothing more. Then he showed me the grave, a mass-grave set aside for paupers, into which my husband's body, without coffin, had been tossed.

Although I tried for years to obtain permission to reinter my husband in our family plot, I was unsuccessful. My request was taken under consideration by the Council of State, which procrastinated for some time before informing me that the grave had been cleared.

In 1950, which had been proclaimed a Holy Year by Pope Pius XII, I visited the Pope in Rome. He was aware of the mistreatment and murder of my husband, and he promised to help me. On my return to Holland, I visited the papal nuncio in order to obtain a document concerning my husband's death. I was unsuccessful, however, since the Minister of Justice, a Catholic who was cooperating with the nuncio, was suddenly transferred to the West Indies, where he had been appointed governor. His successor, who was Jewish, was not friendly to my case. My attempts to present my case to the International Court of Justice at The Hague were similarly frustrated.

When I reached seventy years of age, I fell ill, and required two operations. My sons were not interested in taking over the running of my factory, and during my convalescence some of my enemies, allegedly former members of the resistance, were able through various tricks, to gain control of my business.

During the past five years I have received over one hundred bomb threats, and my windows have been smashed many times. My brake cables have been cut. For my opponents, everything is allowed.

The press has stepped up its campaign against me as well. Since my husband had been a member of the Dutch parliament, I am entitled by law to a small pension. In 1984 a Dutch magazine discovered this, and the professional "anti- Nazis" succeeded in pressuring parliament to hold a hearing on whether my pension should be canceled. So far they have been unsuccessful.

Nevertheless, I have become something of a judicial "muscle-meter," called "the Black Widow," on whom litigants and lawyers can try their strength. After my periodical Manuscripten published a picture of an unknown woman in the costume of a fisherman's wife, I was astounded to receive a letter from a lawyer demanding 50,000 florins for his client, an actress. Since we had (quite unawares) used her picture without obtaining permission, I was eventually forced to pay her 2,500 florins, as well as assume the costs of the lawsuit, an additional 10,000 florins.

My home has been twice searched by police looking for allegedly anti-Jewish literature. On their first search the police found a brochure which questioned the factuality of the Holocaust. The court found that to challenge the Holocaust was anti-Jewish, and I received a three-month suspended sentence. The second search resulted in the police confiscating Hitler's Mein Kampf and the Great Holocaust Trial. My trial for possession of these books will begin on March 9, 1989 [Mrs. Rost van Tonningen was subsequently convicted of possessing these forbidden books. -- Ed.].

I hope that I have been able to communicate successfully to an American audience something of my husband's life and the ideals for which we both struggled. My husband refused to abdicate his responsibilities or abandon his people. He stayed and fought honorably, only to be butchered. Why? I believe not merely because Rost van Tonningen was a Dutch National Socialist, but because he knew too much about those of his countrymen who cooperated with the Germans in the beginning, then went over to the Allies as Dutch patriots, "heroes of the resistance," and the like. Had my husband stood trial, his defense might have proved embarrassing for many Dutchmen in high places.

In my life I have experienced many high points, as well as low points. I have tried to be equal to each situation, always attempting to live in accordance with the spiritual basis of life, the mission that is given each of us to carry out on the earthly plane. The life of each of us is merely a thread in the larger fabric or plan.

I still count our meetings with Adolf Hitler as highlights in my life. For us he was a leader who dedicated, and sacrificed, himself for his people, one who eminently fulfilled his life's mission. He united his countrymen, of all classes and stations, from the aristocracy to the farmers and laborers, as had no man before him. His soldiers fought heroically to the last, particularly the men of the Waffen SS, not only Germans but from across Europe. Like my beloved brother, who died in combat in the ranks of the SS, and my husband, I think of Adolf Hitler as the first European.

I shall close with the words of Rudolf Hess, the martyr who earned, but was never awarded, the Nobel Prize for Peace. After being sentenced to life imprisonment at Nuremberg despite his flight for peace, he told the court:

If I were standing once again at the beginning, I would act again as I acted, even though I knew at the end I would burn at the stake. No matter what people may do, one day I shall stand before the judgment seat of God Eternal. I will justify myself to Him and I know that He will absolve me.

http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v09/v09p427_Rost.html

*Some photos here.

Last edited by Johan; January 10th, 2018 at 02:26 PM.
 
Old January 15th, 2018 #12
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Gerardus Mooyman with two members of the Jeugdstorm

The Dutch volunteer Gerardus Mooyman, of SS-Panzerjäger-Abteilung 23 “Nederland”, was awarded the Knight’s Cross for destroying 13 Soviet tanks on one day during a battle south of Ladoga Lake in Northern Russia on February 13, 1943. He was the first non-German to be awarded this prestigious honour and was feted throughout the Netherlands and Germany and held up as an example to the youth of his native country.
 
Old January 15th, 2018 #13
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The second Dutch Waffen-SS volunteer who received the pretigious Knightscross (Ritterkreuz) was SS-Rottenführer Derk Elsko Bruins (born on march the 20th 1923 in the village Vlagtwedde). The young Dutch anti-tank gunner received the medal for his brave behaviour in combat around Narva. In the 1.(Schweren) SS-Panzerjäger-Abteilung 54 of Brigade 'Nederland' Bruins destroyed, just like Gerardus Mooyman, more than twelve Soviet-Russian tanks.


His medals: EK I, EK II, the Knightscross, the Sturmabzeichen and a medal of the winterbattle 1941-1945.



The third Dutchman who received the Knights Cross was the volunteer Casper Sporck of the 5./SS-Panzer Aufklärungs Abteilung 11. As commander of an SdKfz 251/9 'Stummel', an armored half-track with a short L / 24 75mm gun , Sporck was confronted with a Soviet Russian tank attack on 26 January 1944 in the town of Gubanizy. The Sporck cannon eradicated eleven tanks from the Red Army. A few days later when the III.SS Panzerkorps of which the Brigade 'Netherlands' was part, the retreat from the Oranienbaum front to the Narva bridgehead behind the Luga river completed, the Dutchman proved himself again. As one of the last, Sporck's vehicle took the German lines. As a reward for his heroic performance, he was nominated by his battalion commander Rudolf Saalbach for the Knights Cross that was also awarded shortly thereafter.



Hans Havik was a Untersturmführer (Second Lieutenant) and Major of Polizei in the Waffen SS during World War II who was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross which was awarded to recognize extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership by National socialist Germany during World War II.

Hans Havik was born in Groningen in Holland on the 5 May 1923. He volunteered to join the SS (service number 456 022) and was posted to the 4th SS Polizei Panzergrenadier Division.

He was awarded the Knight's Cross on the 6 May 1945 when serving as a platoon commander in the 1st Company, 4th SS Panzer Battalion, 4th SS Polizei Panzergrenadier Division.

Havik survived the war and died on the 21 September 1997 at Nürnberg.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Mooyman receives his Knightscross from Friedrich Von Scholz

To German standards Mooyman certainly deserved the medal, on the other hand it certainly was no coincidence that a Dutchman was the first volunteer who received the Knightscross. It was Himmler who once said: 'The first European volunteers that recieves the Knightscross should be a Dutchman'. The young anti-tank gun commander was compared with important Dutch historical individuals like Piet Heyn and Michiel de Ruyter.

Last edited by Johan; January 15th, 2018 at 11:30 AM.
 
Old January 15th, 2018 #14
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Default German Cross in Gold Holders of 23. SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Division Nederland

Aigner, Anton, 02.07.1944, SS-Hauptsturmführer, 2./SS-Art.Rgt. 54

Bock von, Jürgen, 14.11.1944, SS-Sturmbannführer, Ia SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Brig. “Nederland”
Bosch, Johann, 18.12.1944, SS-Untersturmführer, 2./SS-Pi.Btl. 54

Collani, Hans, 24.04.1944, SS-Obersturmbannführer, SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 49 “De Ruyter”

Deck, Eugen, 12.03.1944, SS-Obersturmführer, 6./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 49
Diener, Walter, 24.04.1944, SS-Hauptsturmführer, 14./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 49 “De Ruyter”

Faaß, Albert, 23.05.1944, SS-Hauptsturmführer, Stab/SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 48 “General Seyffardt”
Fitzthum, Josef, 24.08.1943, SS-Standanrtenführer, SS-Pz.Gren.Rgt. “Nederland”

Grabow, Emil, 09.03.1945, SS-Obersturmführer, 7./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 49

Hellmers, Johannes, 18.12.1944, SS-Obersturmführer, 6./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 49
Hensgen, Theodor, 18.12.1944, SS-Hauptscharführer, Stab I./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 49
Hofer, Lothar, 23.09.1944, SS-Hauptsturmführer, SS-Art.Rgt. 54

Ilgner, Gerhard, 17.09.1944, SS-Obersturmführer, 1./SS-Pi.Btl. 54

Jauss, Hans-Robert, 24.04.1944, SS-Obersturmführer, 4./SS-Pz.Gren.Rgt. 48 “General Seyffardt”
Jepp, Siegfried, 15.04.1945, SS-Hauptsturmführer, 1./SS-Art.Rgt. 54

Laszakovits, Franz, 26.09.1944, SS-Unterscharführer, 2./SS-Art.Rgt. 54

Meyer, Hans, 23.05.1944, SS-Hauptsturmführer, II./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 48 “General Seyffardt”
Mienke, Artur, 15.04.1945, SS-Oberscharführer, 3./SS-Art.Rgt. 54

Pölzlbauer, Karl, 08.05.1944, SS-Oberscharführer, 2./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 48
Pulles, Gerrit, 16.12.1944, SS-Untersturmführer, 3./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 49

Rüschoff, Josef, 23.09.1944, SS-Hauptsturmführer, SS-Art.Rgt. 54

Schluifelder, Georg, 14.11.1944, SS-Oberscharführer, II./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 48 “General Seyffardt”
Schoofs, Hermann, 24.04.1944, SS-Untersturmführer, SS-Pi.Btl. 54
Steinfeldt, Gustav, 08.11.1944, SS-Untersturmführer, Stab/SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Brig. “Nederland”
Sülberg, Ludwig, 09.03.1945, SS-Hauptscharführer, II./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 49

Thissen, Wilhelm, 19.10.1944, SS-Hauptsturmführer, Nachr.Kp. 54 / SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Brig. “Nederland”

Veneman, Frans, 24.04.1944, SS-Hauptscharführer, 3./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 48 “General Seyffardt”
Vieweger, Wolfgang, 27.04.1945, SS-Hauptsturmführer, I./SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Rgt. 48
Vossenberg, Wilhelm, 22.03.1945, SS-Unterscharführer, 1./SS-Art.Rgt. 54

Ziemssen, Dietrich, 16.06.1944, SS-Sturmbannführer, Ia SS-Frw.Pz.Gren.Brig. “Nederland”

http://www.axishistory.com/books/119...sion-nederland

Last edited by Johan; January 15th, 2018 at 11:39 AM.
 
Old January 16th, 2018 #15
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Default Hendrik Evert Koot



Hendrik Evert Koot {5 April 1898 – 14 February 1941} was a Dutch National Socialist and member of the WA, the paramilitary wing of the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands {NSB}.

Hendrik Koot was born and raised in Amsterdam.He joined the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) in 1935 with his wife Elisabeth van Groningen.They had eight children two joined the SS, one the Dutch Landstorm, and another the Nationale Jeugdstorm, the Dutch version of the Hitler Youth. One of Koot's sisters had married a German soldier, and another married a Dutch SS volunteer. After Koot's death his wife married another WA man.

By January 1941 far-reaching measures to restrict Jews had been enacted, and Hanns Albin Rauter, the Austrian-born SS and Police Leader in the Netherlands, had ordered to beat up Jews and create civil unrest, hoping to provoke Jewish resistance.At the same time, though, Hans Böhmcker, the representative in Amsterdam for Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Reichskommissar for the Netherlands, had forbidden WA members from entering Jewish neighborhoods.

Koot did in fact enter such a neighborhood, with some forty other WA members {one of his sons was also there, and was also wounded}. He got beaten up by a Jewish thugs team on 11 February 1941.After Koot's death, Rauter himself wrote an op-ed in the NSB paper Volk en Vaderland, salaciously describing the act: "a Jew had ripped open the victim's artery with his teeth and sucked his blood out "in "an obvious allusion to ritual murder".

Koot's funeral took place on 17 February, at Zorgvlied cemetery. A funeral procession complete with marching band, preceded his horse-drawn carriage two thousand National Socialists with flags marched through town and Wolfsangels were affixed to the grave.

Response to Koot his death was immediate. The Jewish neighborhood was sealed off by German authorities (effectively beginning the Amsterdam ghetto,and a Judenrat was put in place.The Germans decided to round up a large number of Jewish men, and that gave the local Communist resistance groups an opportunity to agitate the population enough to start a strike, and widespread strikes started the following Tuesday, 25 February. Dutch police response was moderate, and the National Socialist authorities were displeased. Troops were sent in to break the strike, and posters were put up explaining that the death of Koot was justifying military action.


Funeral of WA-man Hendrik Koot
 
Old January 31st, 2018 #16
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NSKK-Staffel des Wehrmachtsbefehlshabers Niederlande.

Dutch volunteers at the NSKK to carry out transports for the German Wehrmacht, the Dutch joined the Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrerkorps (NSKK) on a voluntary basis as early in the summer of 1940. From January 1941the official recruitment took place among others via SS recruitment offices. In September 1943 there were three thousand. On paper the NSKK-Staffel des Wehrmachtsbefehlshabers Niederlande was founded and active in December1943.

On paper the NSB and the NSKK worked together and the new organization was under the highest commander in the Netherlands Friedrich Christiansen.
The day-to-day management was in the Netherlands at NSKK Gruppenfuehrer F. Hegendörfer (from November 1943), he cooperated with the Dutch groupleader der Motor-WA H.F.A. Eman. Eman received ten years of imprisonment after the war for his share in the recruitment of Dutch people for the NSKK.

*Mussert visits the motor school of the NSKK (the National Sozialistisches Kraftfahr-Korps) where Dutch men are trained {short video}.

Last edited by Johan; January 31st, 2018 at 09:49 AM.
 
Old January 31st, 2018 #17
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Do you have any information on the Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderpartij (NSNAP)?
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Old February 1st, 2018 #18
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Jim Harting View Post
Do you have any information on the Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderpartij (NSNAP)?
Jim, there is some information available in English, but that is not as extensive as in Dutch. So much information comes from magazines that are not pro National Socialist, but they can be used as a reference work.

As far as the National Socialist Dutch Workers Party (NSNAP) is concerned, you should divide the subject into three parts. I will mainly discuss the organization around Ernst Herman van Rappard.

The National Socialist Dutch Workers Party (Dutch Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij was a minor Dutch national socialist party founded in 1931 and led by Ernst Herman van Rappard. Seeking to copy the fascism of others, notably Adolf Hitler, the group failed to achieve success and was accused by rivals such as the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) and the General Dutch Fascist League of being too moderate for a fascist movement.

The group looked to the National Socialist German Workers Party for its inspiration, setting up its own Storm Trooper battalion in imitation of the Sturmabteilung and its own Holland Youth like the Hitler Youth, as well as copying the black swastika in a white circle on a red background as its emblem. Unlike its far right counterparts, who claimed to endorse Dutch patriotism, the NSNAP sought full incorporation of the Netherlands into the Third Reich, a policy which won it little support as the 998 votes which the party captured in the 1937 election demonstrated. Unlike the NSB, the NSNAP focused on anti-semitism, and denounced the NSB as a Jewish-dominated, pseudo-National Socialist organisation.

Van Rappard was unable to hold the party together and before long three separate group were claiming the NSNAP name, one under Major Cornelis Jacobus Aart Kruyt and the other under Albert van Waterland (who had dropped his real surname of de Joode as it meant 'the Jew').This factionalism in what was already a small party ensured that Alfred Rosenberg, who had considered the possibility of supporting the group with German money, lost interest and so the three NSNAPs faded from significance.

The NSNAP did not gain from the German invasion of 1940 as the German authorities chose Anton Mussert of the rival NSB as their main beneficiary and Major Kruyt's version of the party merged into Mussert's movement in late 1940. The NSNAP finally disappeared altogether on December 14, 1941 when Arthur Seyss-Inquart banned all parties except the NSB. With van Rappard on active service with the Waffen-SS most of the remaining NSNAP members accepted the decision and switched their support to Mussert.

More info about the National Socialist Dutch Workers' Party (NSNAP) under C.J.A.Kruyt you can find here in Dutch,the translated version {by Google} you can find here.

More info about the National Socialist Dutch Workers' Party (NSNAP) under Albertus de Joode you can find here in Dutch,the translated version {by Google} you can find here.

More info about the National Socialist Dutch Workers' Party (NSNAP) under Ernst Herman van Rappard you can find here.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Photos of marching NSNAP (v Rappard) Storm Department (SA)







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*Nationalism / fascism

A site with much info you can find here in Dutch,the translated version by Google you can find here.
 
Old February 1st, 2018 #19
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Great, detailed response, Johan! Very informative - thanks!
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Old February 27th, 2019 #20
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Florentine Rost van Tonningen - Hero and Martyr of Dutch National-Socialism (1997)

https://archive.org/stream/dutchlite...97%29#mode/2up
 
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